In the PNS, the supporting cells are called peripheral neuroglia and include Schwann cells, satellite cells, and various other cells having specific structures and functions. The CNS consists of 4 types of glial cells: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells, each having a different function. Supporting cells are called neuroglial cells and are located close to the neurons however, these cells do not conduct electrical signals. The functional components of a neuron include dendrites (to receive signals), a cell body (to drive cellular activities), an axon (to conduct impulses to target cells), and synaptic junctions (specialized junctions between neurons that facilitate the transmission of impulses between neurons they are also found between axons and effector/target cells, such as muscle and gland cells). There are multiple types of neurons that are classified based on their anatomic structure and function as sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. The neuron is the structural and functional/electrically excitable unit of the nervous system that receives, processes, and transmits electrical signals to and from other parts of the nervous system via its cell processes. Nerve tissue consists of 2 principal types of cells: neurons and supporting cells. As the medical profession progressively focuses on the molecular aspects of diseases, physicians must have a good understanding of biomolecules and cellular machinery to help understand the many changes and interventions that are being gradually discovered. On this subject rests the foundation of the more complex concepts of pathology, specifically how disease processes are initiated when physiological processes are affected. For optimal comprehension, a basic understanding of human anatomy and histology is necessary, along with a good grasp of biochemistry and physics, focusing on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanism, and electricity. In this course, the student will be introduced to the physiology of every organ system. The most important of these functions is the concept of homeostasis, which describes the auto-regulatory properties of a living being. Thus, physiology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the main biochemical principles involved in the appropriate functioning of humans. In medical science, this branch of biology is narrowed down to the study of the normal functioning of humans. Physiology is the study of the normal functioning of cells and the systems made up of cells in an organism.
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